package diagnostics;
=head1 NAME
diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
splain - standalone program to do the same thing
=head1 SYNOPSIS
As a pragma:
use diagnostics;
use diagnostics -verbose;
enable diagnostics;
disable diagnostics;
Aa a program:
perl program 2>diag.out
splain [-v] [-p] diag.out
=head1 DESCRIPTION
=head2 The C<diagnostics> Pragma
This module extends the terse diagnostics normally emitted by both the
perl compiler and the perl interpreter, augmenting them with the more
explicative and endearing descriptions found in L<perldiag>. Like the
other pragmata, it affects the compilation phase of your program rather
than merely the execution phase.
To use in your program as a pragma, merely invoke
use diagnostics;
at the start (or near the start) of your program. (Note
that this I<does> enable perl's B<-w> flag.) Your whole
compilation will then be subject(ed :-) to the enhanced diagnostics.
These still go out B<STDERR>.
Due to the interaction between runtime and compiletime issues,
and because it's probably not a very good idea anyway,
you may not use C<no diagnostics> to turn them off at compiletime.
However, you may control their behaviour at runtime using the
disable() and enable() methods to turn them off and on respectively.
The B<-verbose> flag first prints out the L<perldiag> introduction before
any other diagnostics. The $diagnostics::PRETTY variable can generate nicer
escape sequences for pagers.
Warnings dispatched from perl itself (or more accurately, those that match
descriptions found in L<perldiag>) are only displayed once (no duplicate
descriptions). User code generated warnings ala warn() are unaffected,
allowing duplicate user messages to be displayed.
=head2 The I<splain> Program
While apparently a whole nuther program, I<splain> is actually nothing
more than a link to the (executable) F<diagnostics.pm> module, as well as
a link to the F<diagnostics.pod> documentation. The B<-v> flag is like
the C<use diagnostics -verbose> directive.
The B<-p> flag is like the
$diagnostics::PRETTY variable. Since you're post-processing with
I<splain>, there's no sense in being able to enable() or disable() processing.
Output from I<splain> is directed to B<STDOUT>, unlike the pragma.
=head1 EXAMPLES
The following file is certain to trigger a few errors at both
runtime and compiletime:
use diagnostics;
print NOWHERE "nothing\n";
print STDERR "\n\tThis message should be unadorned.\n";
warn "\tThis is a user warning";
print "\nDIAGNOSTIC TESTER: Please enter a <CR> here: ";
my $a, $b = scalar <STDIN>;
print "\n";
print $x/$y;
If you prefer to run your program first and look at its problem
afterwards, do this:
perl -w test.pl 2>test.out
./splain < test.out
Note that this is not in general possible in shells of more dubious heritage,
as the theoretical
(perl -w test.pl >/dev/tty) >& test.out
./splain < test.out
Because you just moved the existing B<stdout> to somewhere else.
If you don't want to modify your source code, but still have on-the-fly
warnings, do this:
exec 3>&1; perl -w test.pl 2>&1 1>&3 3>&- | splain 1>&2 3>&-
Nifty, eh?
If you want to control warnings on the fly, do something like this.
Make sure you do the C<use> first, or you won't be able to get
at the enable() or disable() methods.
use diagnostics; # checks entire compilation phase
print "\ntime for 1st bogus diags: SQUAWKINGS\n";
print BOGUS1 'nada';
print "done with 1st bogus\n";
disable diagnostics; # only turns off runtime warnings
print "\ntime for 2nd bogus: (squelched)\n";
print BOGUS2 'nada';
print "done with 2nd bogus\n";
enable diagnostics; # turns back on runtime warnings
print "\ntime for 3rd bogus: SQUAWKINGS\n";
print BOGUS3 'nada';
print "done with 3rd bogus\n";
disable diagnostics;
print "\ntime for 4th bogus: (squelched)\n";
print BOGUS4 'nada';
print "done with 4th bogus\n";
=head1 INTERNALS
Diagnostic messages derive from the F<perldiag.pod> file when available at
runtime. Otherwise, they may be embedded in the file itself when the
splain package is built. See the F<Makefile> for details.
If an extant $SIG{__WARN__} handler is discovered, it will continue
to be honored, but only after the diagnostics::splainthis() function
(the module's $SIG{__WARN__} interceptor) has had its way with your
warnings.
There is a $diagnostics::DEBUG variable you may set if you're desperately
curious what sorts of things are being intercepted.
BEGIN { $diagnostics::DEBUG = 1 }
=head1 BUGS
Not being able to say "no diagnostics" is annoying, but may not be
insurmountable.
The C<-pretty> directive is called too late to affect matters.
You have to do this instead, and I<before> you load the module.
BEGIN { $diagnostics::PRETTY = 1 }
I could start up faster by delaying compilation until it should be
needed, but this gets a "panic: top_level" when using the pragma form
in Perl 5.001e.
While it's true that this documentation is somewhat subserious, if you use
a program named I<splain>, you should expect a bit of whimsy.
=head1 AUTHOR
Tom Christiansen <F<tchrist@mox.perl.com>>, 25 June 1995.
=cut
use strict;
use 5.006;
use Carp;
our $VERSION = 1.1;
our $DEBUG;
our $VERBOSE;
our $PRETTY;
use Config;
my($privlib, $archlib) = @Config{qw(privlibexp archlibexp)};
if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
require VMS::Filespec;
$privlib = VMS::Filespec::unixify($privlib);
$archlib = VMS::Filespec::unixify($archlib);
}
my @trypod = (
"$archlib/pod/perldiag.pod",
"$privlib/pod/perldiag-$Config{version}.pod",
"$privlib/pod/perldiag.pod",
"$archlib/pods/perldiag.pod",
"$privlib/pods/perldiag-$Config{version}.pod",
"$privlib/pods/perldiag.pod",
);
# handy for development testing of new warnings etc
unshift @trypod, "./pod/perldiag.pod" if -e "pod/perldiag.pod";
(my $PODFILE) = ((grep { -e } @trypod), $trypod[$#trypod])[0];
if ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
# just updir one from each lib dir, we'll find it ...
($PODFILE) = grep { -e } map { "$_:pod:perldiag.pod" } @INC;
}
$DEBUG ||= 0;
my $WHOAMI = ref bless []; # nobody's business, prolly not even mine
local $| = 1;
local $_;
my $standalone;
my(%HTML_2_Troff, %HTML_2_Latin_1, %HTML_2_ASCII_7);
CONFIG: {
our $opt_p = our $opt_d = our $opt_v = our $opt_f = '';
unless (caller) {
$standalone++;
require Getopt::Std;
Getopt::Std::getopts('pdvf:')
or die "Usage: $0 [-v] [-p] [-f splainpod]";
$PODFILE = $opt_f if $opt_f;
$DEBUG = 2 if $opt_d;
$VERBOSE = $opt_v;
$PRETTY = $opt_p;
}
if (open(POD_DIAG, $PODFILE)) {
warn "Happy happy podfile from real $PODFILE\n" if $DEBUG;
last CONFIG;
}
if (caller) {
INCPATH: {
for my $file ( (map { "$_/$WHOAMI.pm" } @INC), $0) {
warn "Checking $file\n" if $DEBUG;
if (open(POD_DIAG, $file)) {
while (<POD_DIAG>) {
next unless
/^__END__\s*# wish diag dbase were more accessible/;
print STDERR "podfile is $file\n" if $DEBUG;
last INCPATH;
}
}
}
}
} else {
print STDERR "podfile is <DATA>\n" if $DEBUG;
*POD_DIAG = *main::DATA;
}
}
if (eof(POD_DIAG)) {
die "couldn't find diagnostic data in $PODFILE @INC $0";
}
%HTML_2_Troff = (
'amp' => '&', # ampersand
'lt' => '<', # left chevron, less-than
'gt' => '>', # right chevron, greater-than
'quot' => '"', # double quote
"Aacute" => "A\\*'", # capital A, acute accent
# etc
);
%HTML_2_Latin_1 = (
'amp' => '&', # ampersand
'lt' => '<', # left chevron, less-than
'gt' => '>', # right chevron, greater-than
'quot' => '"', # double quote
"Aacute" => "\xC1" # capital A, acute accent
# etc
);
%HTML_2_ASCII_7 = (
'amp' => '&', # ampersand
'lt' => '<', # left chevron, less-than
'gt' => '>', # right chevron, greater-than
'quot' => '"', # double quote
"Aacute" => "A" # capital A, acute accent
# etc
);
our %HTML_Escapes;
*HTML_Escapes = do {
if ($standalone) {
$PRETTY ? \%HTML_2_Latin_1 : \%HTML_2_ASCII_7;
} else {
\%HTML_2_Latin_1;
}
};
*THITHER = $standalone ? *STDOUT : *STDERR;
my $transmo = <<EOFUNC;
sub transmo {
#local \$^W = 0; # recursive warnings we do NOT need!
study;
EOFUNC
my %msg;
{
print STDERR "FINISHING COMPILATION for $_\n" if $DEBUG;
local $/ = '';
local $_;
my $header;
my $for_item;
while (<POD_DIAG>) {
unescape();
if ($PRETTY) {
sub noop { return $_[0] } # spensive for a noop
sub bold { my $str =$_[0]; $str =~ s/(.)/$1\b$1/g; return $str; }
sub italic { my $str = $_[0]; $str =~ s/(.)/_\b$1/g; return $str; }
s/[BC]<(.*?)>/bold($1)/ges;
s/[LIF]<(.*?)>/italic($1)/ges;
} else {
s/[BC]<(.*?)>/$1/gs;
s/[LIF]<(.*?)>/$1/gs;
}
unless (/^=/) {
if (defined $header) {
if ( $header eq 'DESCRIPTION' &&
( /Optional warnings are enabled/
|| /Some of these messages are generic./
) )
{
next;
}
s/^/ /gm;
$msg{$header} .= $_;
undef $for_item;
}
next;
}
unless ( s/=item (.*?)\s*\z//) {
if ( s/=head1\sDESCRIPTION//) {
$msg{$header = 'DESCRIPTION'} = '';
undef $for_item;
}
elsif( s/^=for\s+diagnostics\s*\n(.*?)\s*\z// ) {
$for_item = $1;
}
next;
}
if( $for_item ) { $header = $for_item; undef $for_item }
else {
$header = $1;
while( $header =~ /[;,]\z/ ) {
<POD_DIAG> =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*\z/;
$header .= ' '.$1;
}
}
# strip formatting directives in =item line
$header =~ s/[A-Z]<(.*?)>/$1/g;
if ($header =~ /%[csd]/) {
my $rhs = my $lhs = $header;
if ($lhs =~ s/(.*?)%d(?!%d)(.*)/\Q$1\E-?\\d+\Q$2\E/g) {
$lhs =~ s/\\%s/.*?/g;
} else {
# if i had lookbehind negations,
# i wouldn't have to do this \377 noise
$lhs =~ s/(.*?)%s/\Q$1\E.*?\377/g;
$lhs =~ s/\377([^\377]*)$/\Q$1\E/;
$lhs =~ s/\377//g;
$lhs =~ s/\.\*\?$/.*/; # Allow %s at the end to eat it all
}
$lhs =~ s/\\%c/./g;
$transmo .= " s{^$lhs}\n {\Q$rhs\E}s\n\t&& return 1;\n";
} else {
$transmo .= " m{^\Q$header\E} && return 1;\n";
}
print STDERR "$WHOAMI: Duplicate entry: \"$header\"\n"
if $msg{$header};
$msg{$header} = '';
}
close POD_DIAG unless *main::DATA eq *POD_DIAG;
die "No diagnostics?" unless %msg;
$transmo .= " return 0;\n}\n";
print STDERR $transmo if $DEBUG;
eval $transmo;
die $@ if $@;
}
if ($standalone) {
if (!@ARGV and -t STDIN) { print STDERR "$0: Reading from STDIN\n" }
while (defined (my $error = <>)) {
splainthis($error) || print THITHER $error;
}
exit;
}
my $olddie;
my $oldwarn;
sub import {
shift;
$^W = 1; # yup, clobbered the global variable;
# tough, if you want diags, you want diags.
return if defined $SIG{__WARN__} && ($SIG{__WARN__} eq \&warn_trap);
for (@_) {
/^-d(ebug)?$/ && do {
$DEBUG++;
next;
};
/^-v(erbose)?$/ && do {
$VERBOSE++;
next;
};
/^-p(retty)?$/ && do {
print STDERR "$0: I'm afraid it's too late for prettiness.\n";
$PRETTY++;
next;
};
warn "Unknown flag: $_";
}
$oldwarn = $SIG{__WARN__};
$olddie = $SIG{__DIE__};
$SIG{__WARN__} = \&warn_trap;
$SIG{__DIE__} = \&death_trap;
}
sub enable { &import }
sub disable {
shift;
return unless $SIG{__WARN__} eq \&warn_trap;
$SIG{__WARN__} = $oldwarn || '';
$SIG{__DIE__} = $olddie || '';
}
sub warn_trap {
my $warning = $_[0];
if (caller eq $WHOAMI or !splainthis($warning)) {
print STDERR $warning;
}
&$oldwarn if defined $oldwarn and $oldwarn and $oldwarn ne \&warn_trap;
};
sub death_trap {
my $exception = $_[0];
# See if we are coming from anywhere within an eval. If so we don't
# want to explain the exception because it's going to get caught.
my $in_eval = 0;
my $i = 0;
while (1) {
my $caller = (caller($i++))[3] or last;
if ($caller eq '(eval)') {
$in_eval = 1;
last;
}
}
splainthis($exception) unless $in_eval;
if (caller eq $WHOAMI) { print STDERR "INTERNAL EXCEPTION: $exception"; }
&$olddie if defined $olddie and $olddie and $olddie ne \&death_trap;
return if $in_eval;
# We don't want to unset these if we're coming from an eval because
# then we've turned off diagnostics.
# Switch off our die/warn handlers so we don't wind up in our own
# traps.
$SIG{__DIE__} = $SIG{__WARN__} = '';
# Have carp skip over death_trap() when showing the stack trace.
local($Carp::CarpLevel) = 1;
confess "Uncaught exception from user code:\n\t$exception";
# up we go; where we stop, nobody knows, but i think we die now
# but i'm deeply afraid of the &$olddie guy reraising and us getting
# into an indirect recursion loop
};
my %exact_duplicate;
my %old_diag;
my $count;
my $wantspace;
sub splainthis {
local $_ = shift;
local $\;
### &finish_compilation unless %msg;
s/\.?\n+$//;
my $orig = $_;
# return unless defined;
s/, <.*?> (?:line|chunk).*$//;
my $real = s/(.*?) at .*? (?:line|chunk) \d+.*/$1/;
s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/;
if ($exact_duplicate{$orig}++) {
return &transmo;
}
else {
return 0 unless &transmo;
}
$orig = shorten($orig);
if ($old_diag{$_}) {
autodescribe();
print THITHER "$orig (#$old_diag{$_})\n";
$wantspace = 1;
} else {
autodescribe();
$old_diag{$_} = ++$count;
print THITHER "\n" if $wantspace;
$wantspace = 0;
print THITHER "$orig (#$old_diag{$_})\n";
if ($msg{$_}) {
print THITHER $msg{$_};
} else {
if (0 and $standalone) {
print THITHER " **** Error #$old_diag{$_} ",
($real ? "is" : "appears to be"),
" an unknown diagnostic message.\n\n";
}
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
sub autodescribe {
if ($VERBOSE and not $count) {
print THITHER &{$PRETTY ? \&bold : \&noop}("DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTICS"),
"\n$msg{DESCRIPTION}\n";
}
}
sub unescape {
s {
E<
( [A-Za-z]+ )
>
} {
do {
exists $HTML_Escapes{$1}
? do { $HTML_Escapes{$1} }
: do {
warn "Unknown escape: E<$1> in $_";
"E<$1>";
}
}
}egx;
}
sub shorten {
my $line = $_[0];
if (length($line) > 79 and index($line, "\n") == -1) {
my $space_place = rindex($line, ' ', 79);
if ($space_place != -1) {
substr($line, $space_place, 1) = "\n\t";
}
}
return $line;
}
1 unless $standalone; # or it'll complain about itself
__END__ # wish diag dbase were more accessible
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