%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file ithyph.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Prepared by Claudio Beccari e-mail beccari@polito.it
%
% Dipartimento di Elettronica
% Politecnico di Torino
% Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24
% 10129 TORINO
%
% \versionnumber{4.2} \versiondate{24 may 1996}
%
% These hyphenation patterns for the Italian language are supposed to comply
% with the Reccomendation UNI 6461 on hyphenation issued by the Italian
% Standards Institution (Ente Nazionale di Unificazione UNI). No guarantee
% or declaration of fitness to any particular purpose is given and any
% liability is disclaimed.
%
% See comments and loading instructions at the end of the file
%
\lccode`\'=`\' % Apostrophe has its own lccode so that it is treated
% as a letter
%
\patterns{
.anti1 .anti3m2n
.di2s3cine
.e2x
.fran2k3
.circu2m1
.wa2g3n
.ca4p3s
.opto1
.para1
.pre1
.p2s
%.ri1a2 .ri1e2 .re1i2 .ri1o2 .ri1u2
.su2b3lu .su2b3r
.wel2t1
3p2sic
3p2neu1
a1ia a1ie a1io a1iu a1uo a1ya 2at.
e1iu e2w
io1i
o1ia o1ie o1io o1iu
u1u
%
'2
1b 2bb 2bc 2bd 2bf 2bm 2bn 2bp 2bs 2bt 2bv
b2l b2r 2b. 2b'. 2b''
1c 2cb 2cc 2cd 2cf 2ck 2cm 2cn 2cq 2cs 2ct 2cz
2chh c2h 2chb ch2r 2chn c2l c2r 2c. 2c'. 2c'' .c2
1d 2db 2dd 2dg 2dl 2dm 2dn 2dp d2r 2ds 2dt 2dv 2dw
2d. 2d'. 2d'' .d2
1f 2fb 2fg 2ff 2fn f2l f2r 2fs 2ft 2f. 2f'. 2f''
1g 2gb 2gd 2gf 2gg g2h g2l 2gm g2n 2gp g2r 2gs 2gt
2gv 2gw 2gz 2gh2t 2g. 2g'. 2g''
1h 2hb 2hd h2l 2hm 2hn 2hr 2hv 2h. 2h'. 2h''
1j 2j. 2j'. 2j''
1k 2kg 2kf k2h 2kk k2l k2r 2kt 2k. 2k'. 2k''
1l 2lb 2lc 2ld 2l3f2 2lg l2h 2lk 2ll 2lm 2ln 2lp
2lq 2lr 2ls 2lt 2lv 2lw 2lz 2l. 2l'. 2l''
1m 2mb 2mc 2mf 2ml 2mm 2mn 2mp 2mq 2mr 2ms 2mt 2mv 2mw
2m. 2m'. 2m''
1n 2nc 2nd 2nf 2ng 2nk 2nl 2nm 2nn 2np 2nq 2nr 2ns n2s3r
2nt 2nv 2nz 2n' n2g3n 2nheit. 2n. 2n'. 2n''
1p 2pd p2h p2l 2pn 2pp p2r 2ps 2pt 2pz 2p. 2p'. 2p''
1q 2qq 2q. 2q'. 2q''
1r 2rb 2rc 2rd 2rf r2h 2rg 2rk 2rl 2rm 2rn 2rp
2rq 2rr 2rs 2rt rt2s3 2rv 2rx 2rw 2rz 2r. 2r'. 2r''
1s2 2shm 2s3s 2s3p2n 2stb 2stc 2std 2stf 2stg 2stm 2stn 2stp 2sts 2stt 2stv 2sz
4s. 4s'. 4s''
1t 2tb 2tc 2td 2tf 2tg t2h t2l 2tm 2tn 2tp t2r 2ts 3t2sch
2tt 2tv 2tw t2z 2tzk 2tzs 2t. 2t'. 2t''
1v 2vc 2vl v2r 2vv 2v. 2v'. 2v''
1w w2h wa2r 2w1y 2w. 2w'. 2w''
1x 2xw 2x. 2x'. 2x''
y1ou y1i
1z 2zb 2zd 2zl 2zn 2zp 2zt 2zs 2zv 2zz 2z. 2z'. 2z'' .z2
} % Pattern end
\endinput
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Information %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
I have been working on patterns for the Italian language since 1987; in 1992
I published
C. Beccari, "Computer aided hyphenation for Italian and Modern
Latin", TUG vol. 13, n. 1, pp. 23-33 (1992)
which contained a set of patterns that allowed hyphenation for both Italian
and Latin; a sligtly modified version of the patterns published in the
above paper is contained in LAHYPH.TEX available on the CTAN archives.
From the above patterns I extracted the minimum set necessary for
hyphenating Italian that was made available on the CTAN archives with the
name ITHYPH.tex the latest version being version 3.5 with version date
16 august 1994.
That pattern set required 37 ops; being interested in a local version
of TeX/LaTeX capable of dealing with half a dozen languages, I wanted to
reduce memory occupation and therefore the number of ops.
This new version (4.0) of ITHYPH.TEX is much simpler than version 3.5
and requires just 29 ops while it retains all the power of version 3.5,
but contains many more new patterns that allow to hyphenate unusual
words that generally have a root borrowed from a foreign language.
Updated versions 4.1 and 4.2 contain minor additions and the number of ops
is increased to 30.
This new pattern set has been tested with the same set of difficult Italian
words that was used to test version 3.5 and it yields the same results (a
part a minor change that was deliberately introduced so as to reduce the
typographical hyphenation (opposed to grammatical hyphenation) of some
vocalic groups.)
It has been tested with a larger set of words that previously were
incorrectly hyphenated with version 3.5, although no error had been reported,
because such words are of very specialized nature and are seldom used.
As the previous version, this new set of patterns does not contain
any accented character so that the hyphenation algorithm behaves properly
in both cases, that is with cm or dc fonts (provided that with the
latter suitable macros are activated in order to map sequences such
as \`a into the proper character ("E0) of the extended set, and that its
\lccode is defined). Of course if you use dc fonts (or the virtual fonts
for which suitable 256 glyph mappings have been set up, for example the
mapped PostScrip fonts) you get the full power of the hyphenation
algorithm, while if you use cm fonts you miss some possible break points;
this is not a big inconvenience in Italian because:
1) The Regulation UNI 6015 on accents specifies that compulsory accents
appear only on the ending vowel of oxitone words; this means that it is
almost indifferent to have or to miss the dc fonts and their special
facilities because the only difference consists in how TeX evaluates the
end of the word; in practice if you have these special facilities you get
"qua-li-t\`a", while if you miss them, you get "qua-lit\`a" (assuming
that \righthyphenmin > 1).
2) Optional accents are so rare in Italian, that if you absolutely want
to use them in those rare instances, and you miss the dc or virtual font
facilities, you should also provide explicit discretionary hyphens
as in "s\'e\-gui\-to".
There is no explicit hyphenation exception list because these patterns
proved to hyphenate correctly a very large set of words suitably chosen in
order to test them in the most heavy circumstances; these patterns were used
in the preparation of a number of books and no errors were discovered.
Should you find any word that gets hyphenated in a wrong way, please, AFTER
CHECKING ON A RELIABLE MODERN DICTIONARY, report to the author, preferably
by e-mail.
ATTENTION !!!
Patterns (for any language, not only for Italian) must be loaded while
running iniTeX or whatever the name of the TeX initializer of your system!
Before loading these Italian patterns you must issue the commands
\chardef\l@english=0
\newlanguage\l@italian
as it is recommended in BABEL (see the BABEL package and its documentation),
then you can load the patterns.
The simplest way to do the job with LaTeX2e is to create the file hyphen.cfg
where you include the following
%%
\InputIfFileExists{hyphen.tex}%
{\message{Loading hyphenation patterns for US English.}%
\language=\l@english
}%
{\errhelp{The configuration for hyphenation is incorrectly
installed.^^J%
If you don't understand this error message you need
to seek^^Jexpert advice.}%
\errmessage{OOPS! I can't find any hyphenation patterns for
US English.^^J \space Think of getting some or the
latex2e setup will never succeed}\@@end}
%%
\InputIfFileExists{ithyph.tex}%
{\message{Loading hyphenation patterns for Italian.}%
\language=\l@italian
\lccode`\'=`\'
}%
{\errhelp{The configuration for hyphenation is incorrectly
installed.^^J%
If you don't understand this error message you need
to seek^^Jexpert advice.}%
\errmessage{OOPS! I can't find any hyphenation patterns for
Italian.^^J \space Think of getting some or the
latex2e setup will never succeed}\@@end}
then you run the initializer and possibly move the format file in the
directory/folder where it is supposed to reside.
When you run your .tex files you can invoke the Italian hyphenation rules with
the BABEL instruction \selectlanguage{italian} or you might invoke them in a
simpler way (that is without changing the caption names and the special
Italian typesetting tricks) by defining:
\def\italiano{\language=\l@italian \lccode`'=`' \righthyphenmin=2}
You can then issue the command \italiano (possibly within group delimiters
if you are typesetting a bilingual document) whenever you set Italian text;
check also with the command \foreignlanguage{<language>}{<text>} defined in
BABEL (version 3.5).
Happy multilingual typesetting !
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